Scientists present largest-to-date genetic snapshot of Iceland 1000 years ago

Washington, Jan 17 (ANI): A team of scientists has presented the largest-to-date genetic snapshot of Iceland as it was about 1000 years ago.

The scientists, from deCODE genetics, completed the largest study of ancient DNA from a single population ever undertaken.

Analyzing mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to offspring, from 68 skeletal remains, the study provides a detailed look at how a contemporary population differs from that of its ancestors.

The results confirm previous deCODE work that used genetics to test the history of Iceland as recorded in the sagas.

These studies demonstrated that the country seems to have been settled by men from Scandinavia - the Vikings - but that the majority of the original female inhabitants were from the coastal regions of Scotland and Ireland, areas that regularly suffered raids by Vikings in the years around the settlement of Iceland 1100 years ago.

The current study further shows that the gene pool of contemporary Icelanders appears to have evolved rapidly over the intervening thousand years.

As a result, the original female settlers are genetically less closely related to present-day Icelanders, and instead more closely related to the present day populations of Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia, as well as those of northwestern and southwestern Europe.

This is a demonstration of a phenomenon known as 'genetic drift.'

In essence, in any population, certain individuals will have more offspring and, by chance and in this case over the course of 35 generations, many more descendants than others.

As a result, particularly in a small population, the genetic variety of the original population can decrease and change over time.

In this study, only mitochondrial DNA was studied, but the same phenomenon applies to the Y chromosome, which is passed from fathers to sons, and to any other part of the genome.

"This study is a major contribution to the use of ancient DNA studies in tracing the history not just of single populations, but of our species and how we spread from Africa to every corner of the globe," said Kari Stefansson, CEO of deCODE. (ANI)