ICMR Chief Provides Update on Investigation into Guillain-Barre Syndrome Cases in Pune

Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), stated that the cause of the recent increase in Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) cases in Pune is still being investigated. Samples from affected individuals are being analysed to determine the disease's spread.

The ICMR chief explained that GBS typically appears as a post-infection syndrome, manifesting two to six weeks after an infection. Numerous samples are being examined at the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune to identify any common infections patients might have had before their GBS diagnosis. However, no definitive cause has been identified yet.

Investigation and Testing

Efforts are underway to pinpoint the pathogen responsible by analysing stool and blood samples. Dr. Bahl noted that only 40% of GBS cases have a known cause or association. The usual six types of infections preceding GBS have not been detected among the patients.

Campylobacter jejuni was found in four out of 21 stool samples from GBS patients tested by NIV Pune, while norovirus was detected in some cases. However, according to medical literature, norovirus does not lead to GBS. The investigation continues as the cause remains unconfirmed.

Government Response

The Union Health Ministry has dispatched a high-level multidisciplinary team to Pune to support state authorities in managing the surge in suspected and confirmed GBS cases. This central team includes seven experts from various institutions like the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) Delhi, NIMHANS Bengaluru, and NIV Pune.

Three experts from NIV Pune are already assisting local authorities. The team collaborates with state health departments to assess the situation and recommend necessary public health measures. Their role includes monitoring developments and coordinating with state efforts.

Current Situation in Maharashtra

Maharashtra reported its first suspected GBS-related death in Solapur, while Pune has seen over 100 cases of this nerve disorder. An official mentioned that a man who visited Pune is suspected to have contracted GBS there and later died in Solapur.

The Maharashtra Public Health Department reported 111 GBS cases in Pune, with 30 occurring within a five-kilometre radius. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis reviewed the situation during a meeting in Mumbai on Tuesday.

Understanding Guillain-Barre Syndrome

GBS is a rare condition causing sudden numbness and muscle weakness, with symptoms like severe limb weakness and loose motions. Doctors note that bacterial and viral infections often precede GBS by weakening patients' immunity.

While GBS affects both children and young adults, it is unlikely to become an epidemic or pandemic. Most patients recover fully with appropriate treatment.