Blood test could identify lung cancer patients likely to respond to drug erlotinib

Washington, May 4 (ANI): A simple blood test could identify lung cancer patients who will respond positively to the drug erlotinib, reveals a new study.

The researchers found that testing for the presence of specific cancer protein 'fingerprints' in the blood of lung cancer patients may be a useful means of identifying a subgroup whose tumours are more likely to shrink when treated with erlotinib, especially when other testing methods are unavailable.

Erlotinib is one of a class of drugs that specifically inhibits an important cell-surface molecule known as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is highly expressed in some forms of cancer, including lung cancer.

By blocking this receptor, drugs such as erlotinib aim to slow tumour growth and proliferation.

Prof David Carbone from Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center in Nashville, Tennessee, and Canadian colleagues analysed blood samples from the NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) BR.21 study.

The study had shown that erlotinib improved survival compared to placebo in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who had already tried one or two other drugs.

In the new study, the researchers analysed blood samples that had been taken from some patients before they started treatment in the BR.21 study.

They performed this analysis on patients who received the drug and on patients who received the placebo, looking for specific proteomic profiles already known to predict outcomes in patients treated with EGFR-blockers.

"The bottom line is that the proteomic test-comparing 'good' and 'poor' profiles-was strongly prognostic in both erlotinib and placebo arms. Proteomics 'good' patients also had a significantly higher response rate than proteomics 'poor' patients," said Carbone.

Carbone has noted that there are other methods available to analyse the EGFR pathway of lung cancers, including sequencing of the EGFR gene, or a technique known as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to assess EGFR gene copy number, in which tumour tissue samples are directly studied under a microscope.

"FISH overall was a better predictor of benefit, but can only be done with adequate biopsy tissue, which was available in this study only in 22pct of patients. With the serum test, 99pct of patients had a successful determination of proteomic status,' said Carbone.

"Thus, I think this test may be of potential value in identifying a subgroup of patients with a good prognosis and who are likely to have response to erlotinib; it may be of particular value for those in whom tumor tissue is inadequate or unavailable," added Carbone.

The study was presented at the 2nd European Lung Cancer Conference in Geneva, Switzerland. (ANI)