Swedish scientists make body-swapping a virtual reality

Washington, Dec 3 : Cognitive neuroscientists at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet (KI) have successfully created the illusion of body swapping by making subjects perceive the bodies of mannequins and other people as their own.

For the first experiment, the researchers fitted the head of a shop dummy with two cameras connected to two small screens placed in front of the subjects' eyes, so that they saw what the dummy "saw."

The scientists observed that when the dummy's camera eyes and a subject's head were directed downwards, the subject saw the dummy's body where he/she would normally have seen his/her own.

And when the scientist touched the stomach of both with two sticks, they could create the illusion of body-swapping.

The subject could then see that the mannequin's stomach was being touched while feeling (but not seeing) a similar sensation on his/her own stomach. Thus, the subject developed a powerful sensation that the mannequin's body was his/her own.

"This shows how easy it is to change the brain's perception of the physical self. By manipulating sensory impressions, it's possible to fool the self not only out of its body but into other bodies too," says Henrik Ehrsson, who led the project.

They then conducted another experiment, in which the camera was mounted onto another person's head. When this person and the subject turned towards each other to shake hands, the subject perceived the camera-wearer's body as his/her own.

"The subjects see themselves shaking hands from the outside, but experience it as another person. The sensory impression from the hand-shake is perceived as though coming from the new body, rather than the subject's own," said co-researcher Valeria Petkova.

And the scientists could confirm the strength of the illusion when the subjects exhibited stress reactions after a knife was held to the camera wearer's arm but not when it was held to their own.

The illusion also worked even when the two people differed in appearance or were of different sexes.

However, the subjects could not fool themselves into identifying with a non-humanoid object, such as a chair or a large block.

The object of the projects was to learn more about how the brain constructs an internal image of the body.

The knowledge that the sense of corporal identification/self-perception can be manipulated to make people believe that they have a new body is of potential practical use in virtual reality applications and robot technology.

The findings are published in the online, open-access journal PLoS ONE.

ANI