Why India's Defence Expenditure Is Up: Strategic Calculations Behind the Numbers

India's military might continues to grow steadily, driven by escalating threats from Pakistan and China, the need to close critical capability gaps, and a strong push towards modernisation.

According to the latest report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India spent $86.1 billion on its military in 2024 - a 1.6% rise compared to 2023. India's military expenditure is now almost nine times higher than Pakistan's ($10.2 billion), reinforcing its dominant position in South Asia. India is also now the fifth-largest military spender globally, after the United States, China, Russia, and Germany.

This growing investment reflects a broader strategic goal: strengthening India's military might to effectively counter both regional and global security challenges.

Historical Comparison: How India's Military Might Has Expanded

India's defence spending has steadily risen over the past decade:

• In 2014, India's military expenditure stood at $51.1 billion, according to SIPRI.
• In 2015, it marginally increased to $51.3 billion.
• By 2024, it reached $86.1 billion, marking a 70% rise over the last 10 years.

The significant jump underscores India's consistent effort to build a robust and modern military force.

Key Drivers Behind the Growth in Military Might

1. Closing Capability Gaps:

After the 2019 Balakot airstrikes, India realised the need to enhance its offensive and defensive options. Major acquisitions like Rafale fighter jets, S-400 air defence systems, and Prachand light combat helicopters have boosted India's military might substantially.

2. Preparing for Two-Front Threats:

Facing potential challenges from Pakistan and China simultaneously, India has upgraded its readiness through naval expansions like INS Vikrant, nuclear-powered submarines, and advanced missile systems.

3. Investing in Next-Generation Warfare:

India is pushing into futuristic areas such as directed-energy weapons (DEWs), hypersonic missiles, and advanced cyberwarfare capabilities - strengthening its military might for the future.

4. Enhancing the Nuclear Deterrent:

With MIRV capabilities on missiles like the Agni-5 and operational nuclear submarines, India's nuclear triad is now more credible, further reinforcing its military might.

India Among the Top Military Powers

SIPRI's "Trends in World Military Expenditure 2024" report notes that global military spending hit new highs.

• Top 5 military spenders (USA, China, Russia, Germany, India) together made up 60% of global defence budgets.
• China's spending rose sharply to $314 billion, while Russia's spending surged by 38% to $149 billion.

The sharp rise in India's defence spending reflects a broader global trend, where countries are investing heavily in strengthening military capabilities amid escalating geopolitical tensions.