Top 10 Best Mixer Grinders in India 2024 - Expert Picks

Mixer grinders are one of the most basic essentials to have in a kitchen, as they are used for grinding, mashing, blending, crushing, and so on. Gone are the days when we had to do it manually. So, to help you choose the best mixer for your kitchen needs, we have put together this comprehensive list of the best mixer grinders in India for you to choose from after considering multiple factors.

Our Top Picks

1. Best Overall – Bosch TrueMixx Pro Mixer Grinder MGM8842MIN

With a powerful 1000W motor, unique stone pounding technology, durable stainless steel body and jars, and a 30-minute motor rating, this is an efficient choice for all your grinding needs.

2. Best for Indian Cooking – Preethi Zodiac MG-218 mixer grinder, 750 watt

With a 750W motor, a unique 3-in-1 Insta fresh juicer jar that can extract juice in seconds, and a safety indicator to ensure safety during use, this is specifically designed for Indian cooking needs.

3. Best with Stainless Steel Jars – Hamilton Beach Professional Juicer Mixer Grinder 58770-IN

With three stainless steel jars of different sizes, a powerful 1400W motor, a unique tamper tool that can push down the ingredients for better grinding, and a safety indicator, this is a great choice.

4. Best for Smoothies – Panasonic MX-AE390 (Black) Monster Super Mixer Grinder

With a powerful 1000W motor, four jars of different sizes, including a blender jar that can make smoothies and shakes in seconds, a unique double safety locking system, and being easy to clean and maintain, this is the best option for smoothies.

5. Best with Multiple Speed Settings – PHILIPS HL7777/00 Mixer Grinder, 750W

With a 750W motor, three jars of different sizes, an advanced ventilation system, a unique auto-cut-off feature that turns off the mixer grinder if it gets overloaded, ensuring safety during use, and three-speed settings that can be adjusted according to your grinding needs, this is a great choice.

6. Best with a Powerful Motor – Preethi Blue Leaf Platinum MG 139 mixer grinder

With a powerful 750W motor, three jars of different sizes, a unique shockproof ABS body, a heat-sensitive cut-off system that protects the mixer grinder from overheating during use, and a unique Flexi lid that can be adjusted to different sizes, it is a versatile choice for all your grinding needs.

Product and Price Comparison

Mixer Grinders	Power (Wattage)	Speed	Number of Jars	Price
Bosch TrueMixx Pro Mixer Grinder MGM8842MIN	1000W	3	4	₹10,590₹6,499
Hamilton Beach Professional Juicer Mixer Grinder 58770-IN	1400W	10	3	₹30,000₹24,999
Preethi Zodiac MG-218 mixer grinder, 750-watt	750W	3	5	₹10,535₹8,990
Vidiem EVO ADC Mixer Grinder 612 A	750W	3	5	₹13,690₹8,240
PHILIPS HL7777/00 Mixer Grinder, 750W	750W	3	4	₹16,995₹13,499
Bosch Appliances TrueMixx Pro Mixer Grinder MGM8642BIN	750W	5	4	₹9,099₹5,999
Havells Klassic 1000 watts 4 Jar Mixer Grinder	1000W	3	4	₹11,995₹7,125
Libra 2200 Watt Digital Commercial Blender	2200W	8	2	₹12,999₹7,999
Preethi Blue Leaf Platinum MG 139 mixer grinder	750W	3	4	₹8,399₹6,595
Panasonic MX-AE390 (Black) Monster Super Mixer Grinder	750W	3	3	₹9,895₹7,490

Table of Contents

How Do We Evaluate?

What are The Factors to Be Considered Before Buying a Mixer Grinder?

How to Test a Mixer Grinder?

How to Use

Care and Maintenance

Frequently Asked Questions

Conclusion

Products That Nearly Match Up

How Do We Evaluate?

1. Value it offers

Compare the features and overall quality of the mixer grinder with its price to ensure it offers value for money.

2. Extra Features

Assess any extra features, such as different speed settings, types of jars, safety features, and warranty. These extra features can enhance the functionality of the mixer grinder.

3. Overall Performance

Examine the overall performance in areas like the motor’s wattage and speed options.

4. Build Quality

Assess the build materials and overall quality for durability and sturdiness.

5. Reviews

Read reviews from both users and experts to gain insights on which works best for your needs.

What are The Factors to Be Considered Before Buying a Mixer Grinder?

1. Purpose

Determine the primary use of the mixer grinder, such as for single-person use, family use, or specific cooking tasks.

2. Power (Wattage)

Choose a mixer grinder with a suitable wattage, typically between 500W and 750W, based on your cooking needs.

3. Number of Jars

Consider the number of jars included with the mixer grinder, as well as their sizes, to ensure they meet your requirements.

4. Jar Capacity

Assess the capacity of each jar to ensure it can accommodate the amount of ingredients you typically work with.

5. Material and Build Quality

Inspect the quality of the blades, jars, and other components to ensure durability and long-lasting performance.

6. Ease of Cleaning

Look for mixer grinders with easy-to-clean components and dishwasher-safe parts for convenient maintenance.

How to Test a Mixer Grinder?

1. Check for the wattage.
2. Inspect the blades for sharpness, size, spacing, etc.
3. Evaluate the speed (RPM) of the mixer grinder.
4. Inspect the quality of the blades, jars, and other components.
5. Check out customer reviews and expert opinions.

Best Mixer Grinder in India

1. Bosch TrueMixx Pro Mixer Grinder MGM8842MIN – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Bosch Product Link

Key features:

1. 1000W motor
2. 4 jars
3. Blunt PoundingBlade with thick edges
4. Overload protector
5. 2-C series HI Flux motor for high-performance
6. Ergonomic jar handle design for easy operations

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Durability	4.2
Sturdiness	4.2
Value for money	4.1
Lock Feature	4.0
Easy to clean	3.9
Noise Level	3.2

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Powerful motor	Noisy operation
High-quality build	Not the best for juicing
Safety features
Suitable for heavy-duty tasks

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Those who need a powerful mixer grinder for heavy-duty tasks	Those who prioritize quiet operation and minimal noise levels
Individuals who prefer an ergonomic design for easy operations	Individuals who require a mixer grinder specifically for juicing purposes

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer Grinder
2. Plastic blender jar 1500ml
3. Fruit filter
4. Dry grinding jar, 1000 ml
5. Chutney grinding jar, 400 ml

User Feedback

Durable product

Good seal lock

Powerful motor

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a good option for those who need a powerful and durable mixer grinder for heavy-duty tasks and prioritise safety and build quality.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Superb quality. It grinds everything so smoothly. Needs a little bit of improvement in noise level.

2. Hamilton Beach Professional Juicer Mixer Grinder 58770-IN – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Hamilton Beach Product Link

Key features:

1. 1400W rated motor
2. Triple overload protection
3. 3 stainless steel leakproof jars
4. Shatterproof Tritan lids
5. Intelligent controls
6. variable speed 3000-18000 RPM

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Safety Features	4.7
Lock Feature	4.6
Easy to clean	4.5
Easy to use	4.4
Noise Level	4.0
Value for money	3.9

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Powerful motor	Large size and heavy
A commercial-grade motor that resists overheating	Relatively expensive
Triple overload protection, triple safety protection, and safety interlock
Infinite speed control and 13 program settings

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Those who need a powerful mixer grinder for heavy-duty tasks	Users who find cleaning and maintenance challenging
Individuals who prefer intelligent controls for consistent results	Individuals who have limited space in their kitchen

What's in The Box?

1. 1.5-litre and 1.0-litre multi-purpose jar
2. 0.5-litre dry jar
3. Tamper
4. Scraper
5. Two filler caps
6. Base

User Feedback

Easy to use

Heavy duty

Value for money

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a good option for those who need a powerful and durable mixer grinder for heavy-duty tasks and prioritise safety, build quality, and intelligent controls.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Little noisy but extremely powerful. There is no need to hold the grinder while operating it. Build quality is top-notch, along with safety features.

3. Preethi Zodiac MG-218 mixer grinder, 750 watt – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Preethi Product Link

Key features:

1. 750W Vega W5 motor
2. 5 jars including 3-in-1 Insta fresh juicer jar and master chef food processor jar
3. 5-year warranty and lifelong free service
4. Triple safety protection and safety indicator
5. Super sharp multi-functional blades

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Safety Features	4.2
Easy to use	4.1
Durability	4.0
Easy to clean	3.9
Lock Feature	3.8
Noise Level	3.1

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Versatile Jars	May produce high noise levels during operation
Equipped with triple safety protection and a safety indicator for user safety	Might be heavy and large size
Capable of fine grinding and efficient performance for various culinary needs

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking a versatile mixer grinder with a powerful motor and multiple jars for diverse culinary tasks	Those who prioritise quiet operation and minimal noise levels
Users who prioritise safety features, warranty, and long-term service reliability	Individuals with limited kitchen space or those who find cleaning and maintenance challenging

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer Grinder

User Feedback

Looks good

Good performance

Durable product

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who prioritise performance, versatility, and long-term reliability.

Helpful User Testimonial:

This made my life easier. I would suggest this product to everyone. Great. But one thing is sound, which annoys me a lot.

4. Vidiem EVO ADC Mixer Grinder 612 A – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Vidiem Product Link

Key features:

1. Vortex Flow SS 304 Blades
2. 750 Watts ARIA Cool Tec Motor
3. Self-Lubricating Bronze Bushes
4. Self-Locking Jars
5. Sturdy Handles & Switch Plate
6. Penta-Drive Couplers

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Sturdiness	5.0
Easy to clean	5.0
Lock Feature	4.2
Value for money	4.0
Noise Level	3.7

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
The 5 leakproof jars with self-lock offer versatility for various tasks	May produce high noise levels during operation
Comes with a 5-year warranty, ensuring long-term reliability
Equipped with overload protection and a safety lock for user safety
Self-locking jars

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking a versatile mixer grinder with multiple jars for diverse culinary tasks	Those who prioritise quiet operation and minimal noise levels
Users who prioritise safety features, warranty, and long-term service reliability	Individuals with limited kitchen space or those who find cleaning and maintenance challenging

What's in The Box?

1. Bottom assembly
2. 1.5 Ltr Master Jar
3. 1.5 Litre Super Juicer & Extractor
4. 0.75 ltr Multi Jar, 0.5 ltr Marvel Jar
5. Double Reduction Gears
6. Thick & Thin Slicers & Grater Blade
7. Citrus Juicer, Kneader Chopper / Mincer
8. Instructional manual
9. Customer care list
10. Warranty card

User Feedback

Value for money

Good performance

Powerful motor

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who prioritise performance, versatility, safety features, and long-term reliability.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Very good in quality, and the power is amazing. It takes hardly any time to churn anything.

5. PHILIPS HL7777/00 Mixer Grinder, 750W – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Philips Product Link

Key features:

1. Turbo power 750W motor with smart sensor
2. 50% reduction in sound power for the large metal jar with soft sound technology
3. Digital interface with three-speed modes and pre-set cooking functions
4. Four jars of different sizes and functions: a 2.4 L metal jar, a 1.5 L blender jar, a 0.4 L chutney jar, and a 0.7 L multi-purpose jar

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Lock Feature	4.3
Easy to clean	3.5
Noise Level	2.8

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Versatile and efficient grinding of various ingredients with the turbo torque density motor	No overload protection or auto shut-off feature for the motor
Reduced noise level	Despite the claimed reduction in sound power, operational noise may still be a concern
Built-in safety switch and jar locking mechanism
Easy to use and clean with the digital interface and the detachable blades

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
People who need a large and silent metal jar for making smoothies, soups, and batters	People who are looking for a budget-friendly and simple mixer grinder
Users who prioritise modern design and digital controls for their kitchen appliances	People who have a small and compact kitchen with limited storage space

What's in The Box?

1. 1.5L Multi-Purpose Jar
2. 1L Blend & Carry Jar
3. 1L Power Bullet Jar
4. 0.5L Chutney Jar
5. Recipe Booklet
6. Spatula
7. User Manual

User Feedback

Looks good

Easy to clean

Good performance

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who prioritise modern design, smart features, and versatile functionality in their kitchen appliances.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Good-quality product; the noise level is relatively lower than that of other mixers. The pulse feature is very useful for grinding batters. I like the aesthetic and premium look.

6. Bosch Appliances TrueMixx Pro Mixer Grinder MGM8642BIN – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Bosch Product Link

Key features:

1. Powerful 750 W 2-C series HI Flux motor with smart sensor
2. Stone Pounding Technology
3. Active Flow Breaker
4. Four jars of different sizes and functions: a 2.4 L metal jar, a 1.5 L blender jar, a 0.4 L chutney jar, and a 0.7 L multi-purpose jar
5. Overload protectors and leak-proof lids
6. Ergonomic Design

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Easy to use	4.3
Lock Feature	4.1
Sturdiness	4.0
Value for money	4.0
Easy to clean	3.9
Noise Level	3.2

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Durable and sturdy design	The juicer works well with citrus fruits but not with fruits having low water content
Versatile and efficient grinding of various ingredients	The unit vibrates when the wet jar operates
Easy to use and clean with the lid locks and the detachable blades
Built-in safety switch and jar locking mechanism

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking a reliable mixer grinder from a well-known brand	Individuals who primarily require a juicer for fruits with low water content
Users who prioritise safety features and overall performance	People who want a secure and leak-proof lid for the jars to prevent spillage and mess

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer Grinder
2. Plastic blender jar 1500ml
3. Fruit filter
4. Dry grinding jar, 1000 ml
5. Chutney grinding jar, 400 ml
6. Wet Grinding Jar,1500ml

User Feedback

Durable product

Good lock

Powerful motor

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who are willing to pay more for durability and technology but not for people who want a simple and quiet mixer grinder.

Helpful User Testimonial:

This is a very nice product. It’s a motor doing its job very nicely. The grip of the mixture is very strong. Also, all jar cap fittings are very appropriate.

7. Havells Klassic 1000 watts 4 Jar Mixer Grinder – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Havells Product Link

Key features:

1. 1000W 2.5kg double ball-bearing copper motor
2. Four jars of different sizes and functions
3. Specially Designed Air Duct
4. Metal Teeth Coupler & Jar Base
5. 100 minutes Run Time

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Easy to clean	3.7
Lock Feature	3.7
Noise Level	2.5

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Heavy duty and long-lasting motor with 100 minutes run time and 22000 RPM	No innovative technology
Polycarbonate jar lids with lock for preventing spillage and mess	No overload protection or auto shut-off feature for the motor
Built-in safety switch and jar locking mechanism	No rubber gasket on the jar lids for extra sealing
The design is functional and easy to use

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking an affordable and powerful mixer grinder with a long run time	People who want an innovative technology
People who have a spacious and modern kitchen with enough storage space	Those who prioritise quiet operation and minimal noise levels

What's in The Box?

1. Motor
2. Mixer Cover
3. Fruit Filter
4. Fruit Pusher
5. Chutney Jar (500 ml) with Lid
6. Dry Grinding Jar (1.2L) with Lid
7. Liquidizing Jar (1.5 L) with Lid
8. Polycarbonate Blending Jar (2 L) with Lid
9. Instruction Manual

User Feedback

Looks good

Good performance

Good jars

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who prioritise performance, value for money, and long-term durability in their kitchen appliances.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Powerful grinder. It grinds everything within a second. I’m really happy with this product. It has all the qualities to become a good company in your kitchen.

8. Libra 2200 Watt Digital Commercial Blender – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Libra Product Link

Key features:

1. 2200 W motor with copper winding and smart sensor
2. 8 pre-set functions for versatile use
3. Timer function for precise blending
4. Superior 304 stainless steel blade
5. Two BPA free unbreakable jars of different sizes
6. Self-Cleaning & User-Friendly Design
7. Digital Control Panel

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Sturdiness	5.0
Sharing of powers	4.9
Easy to clean	4.7
Easy to use	4.6
Value for money	4.6
Noise Level	4.4

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
The blender is designed for heavy-duty use in commercial settings	The blender may take up considerable space in the kitchen
The blender produces low sound during operation
Versatile Functions

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Commercial establishments seeking a heavy-duty blender for versatile blending tasks	Those with limited kitchen space, as the large size may be a concern
Users who prioritise durability and versatility in their blending needs

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer Grinder
2. Lid

User Feedback

Value for money

Easy to use

Good performance

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for commercial establishments seeking a heavy-duty blender for versatile blending tasks.

Helpful User Testimonial:

So far, it's really functioning well, and it doesn't make any noise, which I like the most.

9. Preethi Blue Leaf Platinum MG 139 mixer grinder – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Preethi Product Link

Key features:

1. 750W Vega W5 motor
2. High grade neoprene and Delrin couplers
3. Sturdy, ergonomically designed handles
4. Life-long free service
5. Sealed oil-filled sintered bronze bushes
6. Heat Sensitive cutoff
7. Totally shockproof ABS body

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Sturdiness	4.0
Easy to use	4.0
Durability	4.0
Value for money	4.0
Sheerness	4.0
Noise Level	3.5

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Durable and sturdy design	May produce high noise levels during operation
Equipped with high-grade neoprene and Delrin couplers for smooth, trouble-free operation, and clear transparent polycarbonate domes and lids
Capable of grinding the toughest ingredients
Turbo Vent Technology

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking a versatile mixer grinder with a powerful motor and multiple jars for diverse culinary tasks	Those who prioritise quiet operation and minimal noise levels
People who want to make and store fresh and healthy juices with the Super Extractor juicer jar	Individuals looking for a competitively-priced gaming laptop

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer Grinder
2. Main Jar(1.7 L)
3. Middle Jar (1.2L)
4. Super Extractor (1.5L)
5. Grind n' Store (0.4 L)
6. Mincer blade
7. Stirrer
8. Storage airtight container
9. Instruction manual

User Feedback

Looks good

Good performance

Durable product

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is suitable for delivering optimal speed and performance. It also has a Super Extractor juicer jar that can extract juice from fruits and vegetables and store it in an airtight container for later use.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Good product. Grinding nicely. Serving its purpose. You may feel noisy, but I have never seen a silent mixer grinder. So, for me, it’s okay.

10. Panasonic MX-AE390 (Black) Monster Super Mixer Grinder – Check The Best Offer

Amazon Product Link

Panasonic Product Link

Key features:

1. 750 Watts Powerful Motor
2. Child Safety Lock – India’s First & Only Child Safety Lock System in Mixer Grinder
3. SS 304 Hardened Design Blade
4. Circuit Breaker Switch Protects Motor From Burnout
5. Efficient cooling fan for long-lasting motor

Performance Rating:

Feature	Ratings (Out of 5)
Safety Features	4.6
Noise Level	4.2
Lock Feature	4.1
Durability	4.0

Positives & Negatives:

Positives	Negatives
Large buttons and a clean interior for easy operation and cleaning	The mixer grinder may produce high noise levels during operation
Versatile and efficient grinding of various ingredients
Efficient cooling fan for long-lasting motor performance

Who Should and Who Should Not Buy This?

Who should buy this?	Who should not buy this?
Individuals seeking a powerful mixer grinder with a child safety lock and hardened blades	Individuals with limited kitchen space
Users who prioritise safety features, efficient cooling, and versatile jars

What's in The Box?

1. Mixer
2. PC Jar With Lid
3. Filter Unit
4. Fruit Pusher
5. SS Mill Jar with Lid
6. 3 Nos Lid
7. SS Super Jar With 1 Dome Lid
8. Spice Lid
9. Chutney Lid With Pusher
10. Spatula
11. Whipping plate
12. Operating Instruction

User Feedback

Looks good

Durable product

Easy to use

Our Product Testing Expert’s Opinion and Observations:

It is a suitable choice for those who prioritise performance, safety, and ease of use in their kitchen appliances.

Helpful User Testimonial:

Does the grinding job really fast! The only downside is the very loud noise of the motor.

How to Use

1. Place the mixer grinder on a stable, flat surface.
2. Choose the appropriate jar for the task at hand.
3. Add the ingredients to the jar.
4. Secure the lid tightly.
5. Turn on the mixer grinder and select the desired speed setting.
6. Turn off the mixer grinder and allow it to rest for a few seconds before using it again.
7. After use, clean the jars and blades thoroughly with soap and water.
8. Store the mixer grinder in a dry and safe place.

Care and Maintenance

1. Clean thoroughly with a mild-cleaning dishwasher.
2. Rinse the jars thoroughly with water and dry them upside down to prevent odours.
3. Start the mixer grinder at a low speed and gradually increase it to reduce pressure on the motor.
4. Ensure that the ingredients are at room temperature before grinding.
5. Store the mixer and grinder in a secure location.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What safety features do the mixer grinders have?

Mixer grinders have safety features such as overload protection, safety locks, and secure lids to prevent accidents during operation.

2. 500 W or 750 W, which one is better?

The choice between 500W and 750W depends on the intended use, with 750W being better for heavy-duty tasks and 500W being suitable for regular kitchen use.

3. How many types of mixer grinders are there?

Mixer grinders are available in various types, including those designed for wet and dry grinding, juicing, and food processing, offering versatility for different culinary needs.

Conclusion:

A good, reliable, and sturdy mixer grinder is extremely essential for Indian household kitchens. This is why we hope that all your queries and confusions have been answered in this article, which will enable you to select the best fit for your needs.

Products That Nearly Match Up

1. Sujata Dynamix DX Mixer Grinder, 900W

It is a great option to be considered for Indian households, but it has a high noise level, no innovative technology, and no overload protection or auto shut-off feature for the motor, and there are much better options out there.

Author Bio: Sahithya Baskaran

Note: Each article is crafted through meticulous product and brand research, testing, and validation by our devoted team, ensuring accuracy and reliability.

As a content writer and digital marketer, I enjoy creating stories that connect with people and inspire meaningful conversations. I review products too, from gadgets to books, with honesty and expertise. I'm also a painter, a fitness enthusiast, a volunteer teacher, and a lover of travel, food, and cats. My background in banking and accounting provides me with important insights into consumer behaviour and how to create effective tactics to attract and keep them.