Nicotine could play role in Alzheimer's disease therapy

Washington, Oct 14 (ANI): A team of neuroscientists has discovered that they may be able to eliminate debilitating side effects caused by a promising Alzheimer's drug by stimulating the brain's nicotine receptors.

Hey-Kyoung Lee, associate professor in the University of Maryland Department of Biology and her team, including University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University researchers, previously demonstrated that eliminating - or "knocking out" - the BACE1 enzyme in laboratory mice caused some of the test animals to become confused and aggressive.

Scientists believe that an over-production of a peptide called A-beta in the brain is the cause of Alzheimer's and are developing drug treatments that prevent the action of the enzyme BACE1, which produces A-beta.

"The mice exhibit signs of schizophrenia and memory loss when you block the enzyme. BACE1 is a very promising drug target, but you have to overcome these obviously debilitating side effects to effectively treat Alzheimer's disease," Lee said.

"By stimulating the Alpha7 receptor with nicotine, we were able to recover normal brain function. We are very hopeful that this will be a way to overcome the deficits seen with the BACE-1 knockouts," she added.

Calcium triggers the release of neurotransmitters, the chemicals, which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. The research team found that nicotine activated the uptake of calcium, and thus the neurotransmitter release mechanism.

"After treatment with nicotine," said Lee, "the mice released normal amounts of the neurotransmitter as seen in brains of normal animals."

"If you tag along nicotine or anything that can activate this receptor along with the BACE1 inhibitor, then you probably can recover the function better," Lee asserted.

"It is an exciting development because nicotine is an already known drug that could be easily used therapeutically with Alzheimer's treatment," Lee said.

A paper describing their breakthrough appears in the current issue of the Journal of Neuroscience. (ANI)