Fossil and molecular evidence reveals history of major marine biodiversity hotspots

Washington, August 7 : A new study has used fossil and molecular evidence to reveal the history of major marine biodiversity hotspots all through the last 50 million years.

The study has been carried out with the participation of scientists from Australia, Spain, USA, UK, Holland, Malaysia and Panama.

The results obtained prove that the main concentrations of biodiversity have been located in the last 50 million years in a line, from west to east, from southwest Europe and northwest Africa to the Indo-Australian Archipelago, and along the eastern shore of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and West India.

The researchers have based this work on the study of the combination of molecular evidence and the fossil record.

At present, the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) is the tropical center of maximum diversity since the Miocene and in the last 20 million years, as the record of large benthic foraminifera, mangrove pollen types, gastropods, and corals has shown.

The research proves the amazing antiquity of the IAA focus, which provides a new understanding of biodiversity hotspots, product of ecological processes operating over geological time scales of millions of years with their timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events.

The birth and death of successive hotspots highlights the link between environmental change and biodiversity patterns.

A synthesis of the paleontological and molecular data, interpreted in an ecological context, has enabled the scientists to understand the true antiquity of hotspots and their component species.

However, future studies are needed as global threats to marine biodiversity put the spotlight on the vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems.

According to the scientists, human-induced changes are operating on time scales far removed from those that have created these hotspots.

An improved understanding of the nature of biodiversity hotspots, be they terrestrial or marine, will require a clearer understanding of the geographic and environmental context of taxonomic turnover driving the origination, maintenance, and diminution of hotspots over extensive time scales.

ANI