Nano-sized electronic circuit will help detect invisible light from early universe

Washington, July 11 : A team of physicists has developed a nano-sized electronic device, which would help astronomers to see invisible light dating from the creation of the universe.

The tiny circuit has been developed by physicsts at Rutgers University, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and the State University of New York at Buffalo.

100 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair, the circuit is sensitive to faint traces of light in the far-infrared spectrum (longest of the infrared wavelengths), well beyond the colors humans see.

"In the expanding universe, the earliest stars move away from us at a speed approaching the speed of light," said Michael Gershenson, professor of physics at Rutgers and one of the lead investigators. "As a result, their light is strongly red-shifted when it reaches us, appearing infrared," he added.

This invisible light makes up 98% of the light emitted since the "big bang," and may provide insights into the earliest stages of star and galaxy formation almost 14 billion years ago.

Because the Earth's atmosphere strongly absorbs far-infrared light, Earth-based radiotelescopes cannot detect the very faint light emitted by these stars.

So, scientists are proposing a new generation of space telescopes to gather this light.

Detectors of infrared and submillimeter waves, known as bolometers, measure the heat generated when they absorb photons, or units of light.

"The device we built, which we call a hot-electron nanobolometer, is potentially 100 times more sensitive than existing bolometers," said Gershenson. "It is also faster to react to the light that hits it," he added.

Made of titanium and niobium metals, the novel device is about 500 nanometers long and 100 nanometers wide.

The physicists built it using thin-film and nanolithography techniques similar to those used in computer chip fabrication.

The device operates at very cold temperatures - about 459 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, or one-tenth of one degree above absolute zero on the Kelvin scale.

By detecting the infinitesimal amount of heat generated in the titanium section, one can measure the light energy absorbed by the detector. The device can detect as little as a single photon of far infrared light.

"With this single detector, we have demonstrated a proof of concept," said Gershenson. "The final goal is to build and test an array of 100 by 100 photodetectors, which is a very difficult engineering job," he added.

Gershenson expects the detector technology to be useful for exploring the early universe when satellite-based far-infrared telescopes start flying 10 to 20 years from now.

"That will make our new technology useful for examining stars and star clusters at the farthest reaches of the universe," he said.

ANI