Polynesians share close genetic relationship with Asians: Study

Washington, Jan 18 : A new comprehensive genetic study of almost 1,000 individuals has revealed that Polynesians' and Micronesians' closest genetic relationship is with Asians, specifically with Taiwan Aborigines and East Asians.

The study also indicated that they have almost no genetic relation to Melanesians, and that groups that live in the islands of Melanesia are remarkably diverse. The research team led by Jonathan Friedlaender, professor emeritus of anthropology at Temple and the study's lead author, analyzed more than 800 genetic markers (highly informative microsatellites) in nearly 1,000 individuals from 41 Pacific populations, quite opposed to previous small-scale mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome studies that produced conflicting results.

"The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived between 50,000 and 30,000 years ago, when Neanderthals still roamed Europe. These small groups were isolated and became extremely diverse during the following tens of thousands of years. Then, a little more than 3,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Polynesians and Micronesians, with their excellent sailing outrigger canoes, appeared in the islands of Melanesia, and during the following centuries settled the islands in the vast unknown regions of the central and eastern Pacific," said Friedlaender.

He added: "Over the last 20 years there have been many hypotheses concerning where the ancestors of the Polynesians came from in Asia, how long it took them to develop their special seafaring abilities in Island Melanesia, and how much they interacted with the native Melanesian peoples there before they commenced their remarkable Diaspora across the unexplored islands in the Pacific," he adds.

Friedlaender Indicated that one scenario called the 'fast train hypothesis,' which is supported by the mitochondrial evidence, implied that ancestors of the Polynesians originated in Taiwan, moved through Indonesia to Island Melanesia, and then went out into the unknown islands of the Pacific without having any significant contact with the Island Melanesians along the way.

Another counter argument called 'slow boat hypothesis,' supported by Y chromosome evidence, suggested that the ancestors of the Polynesians were primarily Melanesians, and that there was very little Asian or Taiwanese influence.

A third position, called the "entangled bank hypothesis," indicated that these ancient migrations cannot be accurately reconstructed just by looking at the genetics of today's populations, even with the support of available archaeological evidence.

The researchers stated in their paper, that their analysis is consistent with the scenario that the ancestors of Polynesians moved through Island Melanesia relatively rapidly and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there.

"Our genetic analysis establishes that the Polynesians' and Micronesians' closest relationships are to Taiwan Aborigines and East Asians. Some groups in Island Melanesia who speak languages related to Polynesian, called Austronesian or Oceanic languages, do show a small Polynesian genetic contribution, but it is very minor - never more than 20 percent," said Friedlaender.

He added: "There clearly was a lot of cultural and language influence that occurred, but the amount of genetic exchange between the groups along the way was remarkably low. From the genetic perspective, if the ancestral train from the Taiwan vicinity to Polynesia wasn't an express, very few passengers climbed aboard or got off along the way."

The study, "The Genetic Structure of Pacific Islanders," is published in the recent issue of PLoS Genetics.

ANI