Emerging Technologies – How Is The Indian Army Preparing For The Next Decade?

As the global security landscape evolves, the Indian Army is proactively embracing emerging technologies to maintain its strategic edge and operational readiness. In 2025, the Ministry of Defence designated it the 'Year of Reforms,' focusing on modernising the armed forces through jointness, emerging technologies, and integrated operations.

Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics

Recognising the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Indian Army is integrating AI-driven solutions to enhance decision-making and operational efficiency. The Army is moving away from traditional intuitive approaches by adopting digital initiatives that promote data-driven, objective, and quantifiable decision-making. This shift enables processing of vast data sets to extract actionable intelligence, improving situational awareness and response times.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Robotics

The Army is modernising its aviation capabilities, particularly its helicopter fleet, to enhance surveillance and reconnaissance operations. This includes the induction of 250 reconnaissance and surveillance helicopters to replace the ageing fleet and improve operational effectiveness.
Developing indigenous drones, such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Rustom and Archer-NG, highlights the Indian Army's commitment to leveraging unmanned systems for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. In a further step toward modernisation, the Army is replacing traditional pack mules with AI-powered robotic dogs capable of navigating difficult terrain-a fusion of tradition and technology.

Air Defense Modernisation

To strengthen its air defence capabilities, the Army has begun inducting the Akashteer system, an Automated Air Defence Control & Reporting System developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BDL). This system integrates surveillance assets, radar systems, communication nodes, and command units into a unified network, enhancing situational awareness and response mechanisms against aerial threats. Developing the Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) also aims to counter low-altitude aerial threats, including drones and helicopters, further bolstering the Army's defensive posture.

Armored and Mechanised Forces

The Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV) program, or Project Ranjeet, is a key initiative to develop a next-generation main battle tank to replace the ageing T-72 fleet. Approved by the Defence Acquisition Council in September 2024, the project envisions the induction of approximately 1,770 units in three phases. The FRCV is expected to feature advanced capabilities such as AI integration, drone compatibility, active protection systems, and network-centric operations, ensuring superiority in mechanised warfare.

Cybersecurity and Indigenous Operating Systems

In response to growing cyber threats, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) developed Maya OS, an indigenous operating system based on Ubuntu. Implemented across defence systems since August 2023, Maya OS includes 'Chakravyuh,' an endpoint detection and protection system designed to safeguard against security threats. This initiative underscores the Army's commitment to securing its digital infrastructure and reducing dependence on foreign software.

Jointness and Integration

The Army is actively advancing jointness and integration with other armed services to enhance operational efficiency. This includes integrating the Akashteer system with the Indian Air Force's (IAF) Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) to create a seamless, unified air defence network. Such initiatives align with the broader vision of transforming the armed forces into a technologically advanced, combat-ready force capable of multi-domain integrated operations.

Human Resource Development

Recognising that technological proficiency requires specialised training, the Army has introduced policies allowing officers specialising in AI, robotics, and drones to continue in their fields upon promotion. This investment in human capital ensures that personnel are equipped with the necessary skills to operate and innovate with emerging technologies, maintaining a competitive edge.

International Collaborations and Defense Manufacturing

India is strengthening its defence manufacturing capabilities through international collaborations. Notably, France is in advanced negotiations to acquire the Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher system, marking a significant milestone in India's defence exports. Such partnerships enhance the Army's capabilities and position India as a key player in the global defence industry.

As the Indian Army prepares for the next decade, its focus on integrating emerging technologies, modernising its arsenal, strengthening cybersecurity, fostering jointness, and investing in human capital reflects a comprehensive approach to future challenges. These initiatives ensure that the Army remains agile, resilient, and capable of safeguarding national interests in an increasingly complex security environment.

(Ashu Maan is an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Land Warfare Studies and is currently pursuing his PhD in Defence and Strategic Studies at Amity University, Noida.)