What Is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

United States President Donald Trump was recently diagnosed with CVI, but what does it actually mean for your health?

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a long-term medical condition in which the veins in the legs are unable to efficiently return blood back to the heart. This occurs when the valves in the leg veins - which normally keep blood flowing upward - become damaged or weakened, causing blood to pool in the lower limbs.

Key Features of CVI:

• Venous valve dysfunction: The valves that prevent blood from flowing backward fail to close properly.
• Blood pooling: Blood accumulates in the leg veins, leading to increased pressure.
• Chronic symptoms: The condition worsens over time if left untreated.

Common Symptoms:

• Swelling in the lower legs and ankles (especially after standing or sitting for long periods)
• Aching, cramping, or heaviness in the legs
• Varicose veins (enlarged, twisted veins)
• Skin changes (darkening or thickening)
• Itchy or flaky skin on the legs
• Leg ulcers or open sores (in severe cases)

Causes and Risk Factors:

• History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• Varicose veins
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Prolonged standing or sitting
• Age (more common in older adults)
• Family history of venous disease

Diagnosis:

• Physical examination
• Duplex ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and valve function

Treatment Options:

• Compression stockings to improve blood flow
• Lifestyle changes (exercise, weight management, leg elevation)
• Medications to reduce swelling or improve circulation

Minimally invasive procedures:

• Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT)
• Sclerotherapy
• Vein stripping (in severe cases)

Why It Matters:

CVI can lead to serious complications like skin ulcers, infections, and reduced quality of life if left untreated. Early diagnosis and management can help control symptoms and prevent progression.