Practice, as well as working memory capacity, makes musicians perfect

Washington, July 9 (ANI): Practice along with working memory capacity enhances piano players' ability to sight read a new piece of music- an important and complex skill for musicians, found researchers.

Scientists have debated the role of practice in developing expertise for over a century.

In 2007, researchers proposed that it takes a decade of intense practice to become an expert.

Elizabeth J. Meinz of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and David Z. Hambrick of Michigan State University wanted to look at working memory capacity, the ability to keep relevant pieces of information active in your mind.

Pianists use working memory when they read music- they aren't reading the notes their fingers are currently playing, but they are looking ahead to read the notes that are coming next.

All musicians do this, but the researchers study pianists partly because they are convenient, they are easy to find and have a wide variety of levels of skill and experience.

For the new study, pianists were asked to sight read six pieces from a book of sight-reading tests. The book was chosen because it's rarely used in the United States.

Musicians have to do this kind of test routinely in auditions-they were given pieces with various levels of difficulty. Judges graded each pianist based on technical proficiency, musicality, and overall performance.

The pianists were also asked about their piano-playing history, including how many hours per week they had practiced in each year they'd been playing, and took tasks that measured their working memory capacity.

They found that practice was definitely important.

The amount of time a person had spent practicing explained about 45 percent of the variance in sight-reading skill.

But working memory capacity was important, too-when the researchers took out the effect of practice, another seven percent of variance in sight-reading skill was explained by working memory capacity.

"Practice is absolutely important to performance. But our study does suggest that cognitive abilities, particularly working memory capacity, might limit the ultimate level of performance that could be attained," said Meinz.

The study has been published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. (ANI)