Scientists go beyond diamond for quantum computing

Washington, May 2 (ANI): After pioneering research into the quantum properties of a small defect found in diamonds, scientists at UC Santa Barbara have now used cutting-edge computational techniques to produce a road map for studying defects in alternative materials.

The findings may enable new applications for semiconductors -- materials that are the foundation of today's information technology.

Particularly, they may help identify alternative materials to use for building a potential quantum computer.

"Our results are likely to have an impact on experimental and theoretical research in diverse areas of science and technology, including semiconductor physics, materials science, magnetism, and quantum device engineering. Ironically, while much of semiconductor technology is devoted to eliminating the defects that interfere with how today's devices operate, these defects may actually be useful for future quantum technologies," said Dr. David D. Awschalom, UCSB physics professor and one of two lead investigators on this project.

The researchers have developed a set of screening criteria to find specific atomic defects in solids that could act as quantum bits (qubits) in a potential quantum computer.

As a point of reference, they use a system whose quantum properties they themselves have recently helped to discern, the NV or nitrogen-vacancy center defect in diamond.

This defect, which the team has shown can act as a very fast and stable qubit at room temperature, consists of a stray nitrogen atom alongside a vacancy in the otherwise perfect stacking of carbon atoms in a diamond.

Electrons trapped at the defect's centre interact with light and microwaves in a predictable way, allowing information to be stored in and read out from the orientation of their quantum-mechanical spins.

However, the drawback to using diamond is that the material is expensive and difficult to grow and process into chips.

This raises the question of whether there may be defects in other materials that have similar properties and could perform equally well.

In the new study, the researchers have enumerated specific screening criteria to identify appropriate defects in materials that could be useful for building a quantum computer.

Awschalom said that experimental testing of all the potential candidates might take decades of painstaking research.

To address this problem, the researchers employed advanced computational methods to theoretically examine the characteristics of potential defect centres in many different materials, providing a sort of road map for future experiments.

"We tap into the expertise that we have accumulated over the years while examining 'bad' defects, and channel it productively into designing 'good' defects; i.e., those that have the necessary characteristics to equal or even outperform the NV center in diamond," said UCSB's Chris G. Van de Walle, one of the senior investigators on the project.

This expertise is backed up by advanced theoretical and computational models that enable the reliable prediction of the properties of defects, a number of which are proposed and examined in the paper.

"We anticipate this work will stimulate additional collaborative activities among theoretical physicists and materials engineers to accelerate progress towards quantum computing based on semiconductors," added Awschalom.

The study has been published in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). (ANI)