Astronomers take picture of exoplanets

London, April 15 (ANI): By using a small telescope, astronomers took a picture of three small planets orbiting a star outside the Solar System.

The team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) snapped the new photo using a small portion of the Palomar Observatory's Hale Telescope, north of San Diego.

The image of the planets, taken in infrared light as before, was captured using just a 1.5-meter-diameter (4.9-foot) portion of the Hale telescope's mirror.

The astronomy team took painstaking efforts to push current technology to the point where such a small mirror could be used. They combined two techniques-adaptive optics and a coronagraph - to minimize the glare from the star and reveal the dim glow of the much fainter planets.

"Our technique could be used on larger ground-based telescopes to image planets that are much closer to their stars, or it could be used on small space telescopes to find possible Earth-like worlds near bright stars," said Gene Serabyn, an astrophysicist at JPL and visiting associate in physics at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

The three planets, called HR8799b, c and d, are thought to be gas giants similar to Jupiter, but more massive. They orbit their host star at roughly 24, 38 and 68 times the distance between our Earth and Sun, respectively.

It's possible that rocky worlds like Earth circle closer to the planets' star, but with current technology, they would be impossible to see under the star's glare.

The star HR 8799 is a bit more massive than our Sun, and much younger, at about 60 million years, compared to our Sun's approximately 4.6 billion years. It is 120 light-years away in the constellation Pegasus.

This star's planetary system is still active, with bodies crashing together and kicking up dust, as recently detected by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.

Like fresh-baked bread out of the oven, the planets are still warm from their formation and emit enough infrared radiation for telescopes to see.

To take a picture of HR 8799's planets, Serabyn and his colleagues first used a method called adaptive optics to reduce the amount of atmospheric blurring, or to take away the "twinkle" of the star. This technique was optimized by using only a small piece of the telescope.

Once the twinkle was removed, the light from the star itself was blocked using the team's coronograph, an instrument that selectively masks out the star.

A novel "vortex coronagraph," invented by team member Dimitri Mawet of JPL, was used for this step. The final result was an image showing the light of three planets.

"The trick is to suppress the starlight without suppressing the planet light," said Serabyn.

The findings have been reported in the April 15 issue of the journal Nature. (ANI)