Scientists design blueprint for 'artificial leaf' that mimics Mother Nature

Washington, March 26 (ANI): A team of scientists has presented a design strategy to produce the long-sought artificial leaf, which could harness Mother Nature's ability to produce energy from sunlight and water in the process called photosynthesis.

The new recipe, based on the chemistry and biology of natural leaves, could lead to working prototypes of an artificial leaf that capture solar energy and use it efficiently to change water into hydrogen fuel.

"This concept may provide a new vista for the design of artificial photosynthetic systems based on biological paradigms and build a working prototype to exploit sustainable energy resources," according to Tongxiang Fan, and colleagues Di Zhang, and Han Zhou, from the State Key Lab of Matrix Composites at Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

Fan pointed out that using sunlight to split water into its components, hydrogen and oxygen, is one of the most promising and sustainable tactics to escape current dependence on coal, oil, and other traditional fuels.

When burned, those fuels release carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas. Combustion of hydrogen, in contrast, forms just water vapor.

That appeal is central to the much-discussed "Hydrogen Economy," and some auto companies, such as Toyota, have developed hydrogen-fueled cars.

Lacking, however, is a cost-effective sustainable way to produce hydrogen.

With that in mind, Fan and co-workers decided to take a closer look at the leaf, nature's photosynthetic system, with plans to use its structure as a blueprint for their next generation of artificial systems.

The structure of green leaves provides them an extremely high light-harvesting efficiency.

Within their architecture are structures responsible focusing and guiding of solar energy into the light-harvesting sections of the leaf, and other functions.

The scientists decided to mimic that natural design in the development of a blueprint for artificial leaf-like structures.

It led them to report their recipe for the "Artificial Inorganic Leaf" (AIL), based on the natural leaf and titanium dioxide (TiO2) - a chemical already recognized as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production.

The scientists first infiltrated the leaves of the plant Anemone vitifolia with titanium dioxide in a two-step process.

Using advanced spectroscopic techniques, the scientists were then able to confirm that the structural features in the leaf favorable for light harvesting were replicated in the new TiO2 structure. xcitingly, the AIL are eight times more active for hydrogen production than TiO2 that has not been "biotemplated" in that fashion.

AILs also are more than three times as active as commercial photo-catalysts.

Next, the scientists embedded nanoparticles of platinum into the leaf surface.

Platinum, along with the nitrogen found naturally in the leaf, helps increase the activity of the artificial leaves by an additional factor of ten. (ANI)