Secrets of addiction revealed via drug-proof zebrafish

Washington, July 31 (ANI): In a study on the zebrafish mutant that does not feel the rewarding effects of drugs, researchers have unveiled the genetic secrets behind addiction.

Uncovering the effects of amphetamines on gene expression in zebrafish, the study provides clues to the genetics that underlie susceptibility to addiction by describing the nad zebrafish mutant.

For the study, Katharine Webb, from the German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum M|nchen, worked with an international team of researchers to carry out the experiments.

"Addictive drugs all trigger a sequence of widespread long-lasting consequences on brain physiology, most of which are only partially understood. Because a major step in the development of addiction is the switch from drug use to drug abuse, we aimed to gain insight into the mechanisms triggering the initiation of addictive behaviour," she said.

The team used the mutagenic chemical ENU to generate hundreds of mutant zebrafish, from which they bred a line that did not respond to amphetamine administration (despite the presence of the drug in the fish's brain) but that appeared to be normal in all other ways.

As amphetamine is experienced as pleasurable, amphetamine response was determined by measuring whether fish chose to move to a half of the tank where the drug had been given out.

The researchers then compared these drug-proof nad mutants to fish with a normal response, and discovered a set of 139 genes that respond inappropriately to amphetamine in nad mutants, without being altered under normal conditions in either genotype.

In addition to genes involved in pathways classically associated with reward, this gene set shows a striking enrichment in transcription factors that are specifically known for their involvement in brain development.

In fact, the researchers discovered that several of these genes are expressed in neurogenic domains of the adult fish brain - these are domains where neurons are generated from neural stem cells during adulthood.

"These factors, which are also dramatically down-regulated by amphetamine, can serve as valuable new entry points into studying the link between adult neurogenesis and addiction," said the researchers.

The results identified a new network of coordinated gene regulation that influences the response to amphetamine and may underlie the susceptibility to addiction.

The study has been published in BioMed Central's open access journal Genome Biology. (ANI)