Brain scans unravel roots of dyslexia

Washington, Mar 13 (ANI): Researchers at the University of Maastricht, The Netherlands, have shed light on the roots of dyslexia, a learning disability that affects four to ten percent of the population.

The findings support the notion that the reading and spelling deficit, characterized by an inability to break words down into the separate sounds that comprise them, stems in part from a failure to properly integrate letters with their speech sounds.

"The adults with dyslexia in the study had enough reading experience to match letters and their speech sounds correctly. Still, the results show that the way their brain integrates letters and speech sounds is very different from normal readers.

It's quite astonishing," said Vera Blau of the University of Maastricht, The Netherlands

For the study, the researchers examined activity in the brains of dyslexic and normal adult readers by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they were presented with letters, speech sounds, or a matching or non-matching combination of the two.

While undergoing that task, dyslexic adults showed lower activation of a brain region known as the superior temporal cortex than the more typical readers did.

Blau said that the findings point to a neural deficit in letter-speech sound integration as a fundamental mechanism that might distinguish poor from good readers.

She said that such a difficulty in integrating the most basic units of written and spoken language could offer a promising link between well-documented difficulties in processing the sounds of language (phonology) and the actual reading problem itself.

In addition to enhancing scientists' fundamental understanding of the disability, the new results might also have some ultimate implications for therapy.

"Our findings may offer a way to validate intervention strategies and narrow down the best training approaches," Blau said.

The study has been published online on March 12th in Current Biology, a Cell Press publication. (ANI)