ESA extends missions studying Mars, Venus and Earth till December 31

Amsterdam, Feb 11 (ANI): ESA's (European Space Agency's) Science Programme Committee has extended the operations of its Mars Express, Venus Express and Cluster missions until 31 December 2009.

The decision to extend the three successful missions was taken on February 4 this year.

Mars Express, launched in June 2003, has been orbiting the Red Planet since the end of 2003, and has produced a treasure of discoveries.

The first European mission to Mars, it has taken breathtaking, high-resolution images of the surface in 3D and in colour.

It has beamed back mineralogical evidence for the presence of liquid water throughout martian history and studied the density of the Martian crust in detail. It was also the first spacecraft to detect methane in the planet's atmosphere from orbit.

The mission has been extended twice in the past, the second extension lasting until May 2009.

This third extension will make it possible to continue with the mission's extensive study of the Red Planet.

Venus Express was launched in November 2005 and reached Venus in April 2006, initiating the most comprehensive investigation of Earth's sister planet to date.

Since it reached Venus in April 2006, Venus Express has been mapping Venus's noxious and thick atmosphere globally and in 3D for the first time.

With the data, scientists have put together extensive meteorological maps of Venus, providing measurements of wind fields and temperatures and the chemical composition of the atmosphere.

Its mission was extended once to last until May 2009.

The new extension will provide, among other objectives, an improved understanding of how Venus' climate works, and scientists will continue the search for suspected active volcanism on the surface.

The Cluster constellation was launched in summer 2000 and started operating in early 2001. Since then, this four-satellite mission is performing the first and best ever stereo investigation of the Earth's magnetosphere - the magnetic bubble surrounding our planet.

Thanks to Cluster, scientists have reached an unprecedented understanding of the way solar activity affects the near-Earth environment.

Cluster has provided the first 3D observation of magnetic reconnection in space - a phenomenon that reconfigures the magnetic field and releases high amounts of energy.

The Cluster mission has been extended twice in the past, up to June 2009.

The new extension will make it possible to study the auroral regions above Earth's poles and widen the investigations of the magnetosphere - its inner region in particular. (ANI)