Second-hand smoke can up lung disease risk

Washington, Aug 20 : Low-level exposure to cadmium attained through second-hand smoke and other means can put people at an increased risk of developing lung disease, says a new University of Michigan School of Public Health study.

Previous studies have shown that exposure to high levels of cadmium decreases lung function, but the new study revealed that slightly increased levels of cadmium had decreased lung function.

Non-smokers are exposed to cadmium when they eat contaminated foods or inhale second-hand smoke, as well as through a host of occupational exposures.

It is also found in sludge and crop fertilizers and is widely used in batteries and pigments.

"The study suggests that the critical ingredient in smoking that may be causing emphysema is cadmium, a well-known contaminant of cigarette smoke," said Howard Hu, professor at the U-M School of Public Health and principal investigator in the study.

"The worry is if you are exposed to this (cadmium) through other sources you can also be at risk for emphysema," Hu added.

During the study, the researchers looked at 96 men randomly selected from within the Normative Aging Study.

They tested lung function using three different measures. Subjects with higher levels of urinary cadmium showed evidence of a reduced ability to exhale, irrespective of whether they smoked but with an effect that was greatest and clearest among current and former smokers.

"With a larger population we will be able to better disentangle the independent effects of cadmium and smoking, and whether dietary cadmium or other non-cigarette sources may also influence lung function," Hu added.

ANI