Global warming worries to boost renewables

OSLO, Feb 26 (Reuters) Three decades after former US President Jimmy Carter experimented with solar panels on the White House roof, grim UN warnings about climate change may kick-start wider global use of renewable energy.

''The political willingness to act is now significantly higher,'' Achim Steiner, head of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), told Reuters.

Governments from Japan to Germany are already subsidising energies such as wind, hydro, biofuels, geothermal, solar or tidal power, spurred by worries about security of supply, climate change and high oil prices at about 60 dollars a barrel.

Steiner said warnings by the world's top climate scientists in a February 2 report that blamed mankind more clearly than ever for causing global warming -- mainly by emitting greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels -- would be a big new spur.

''This will change the variables, renewable energies will become a more significant part of our energy mix,'' he said.

Past waves of optimism for renewables, such as during an energy crisis in the 1970s under Carter, foundered on technological barriers and a lack of competitiveness when oil prices fell below 10 dollars in the mid-1980s.

Many experts also warn against exaggerated hopes this time, despite increasing public pressure to act.

''There will be a push for renewable energies, but they have limitations,'' said Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency (IEA), which advises governments in developed nations. Windmills cannot generate electricity on still days, for instance, and solar power doesn't work at night.

''They can be part of the solution but they are not the magic bullet,'' Birol said. He said energy efficiency was the main way both to curb climate change and to cut energy imports, and renewables and nuclear power are secondary solutions.

According to the IEA, renewable energies met 13.2 per cent of world primary energy demand in 2004 and their share is likely to edge up to 13.7 per cent by 2030, on present trends. Fossil fuels will remain dominant at about 80 per cent.

Most of the total renewable energy used is biomass, firewood burnt by 2.5 billion people in the Third World. Even in an alternative scenario with stronger incentives for renewables, their share would reach just 16 per cent by 2030, the IEA says.

BIGGER THAN NUCLEAR ''Anybody who claims that they can make an energy revolution overnight I think is not being realistic. Coal, given the deposits around the world, is going to be part of the energy mix,'' Steiner said.

Still, he noted that clean energies dominated by hydropower generated 18 per cent of world electricity in 2004 -- ahead of 16 per cent for nuclear. ''Renewable energies are already quite an important part of our supply system,'' he said.

Carter, a Democrat, put solar panels on the White House roof in the late 1970s amid worries that oil supplies were running out and could be shut off by more Arab oil embargoes.

He said that the energy crisis was, ''apart from war, the greatest challenge our country will face during our lifetimes.'' The panels were ridiculed by many Republicans -- and taken down by his Republican successor, Ronald Reagan.

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