While most birds build nests to hold their eggs and hatchlings, some birds rely on other strategies.
Here are seven bird species that do not build nests.
Kingfishers: They dig burrows in riverbanks or utilize abandoned tree holes as their homes.
Penguins: They form large colonies on land, relying on their bodies to protect their eggs and chicks.
Swifts: They roost in crevices and use their saliva to attach themselves to vertical surfaces.
Cuckoos: They are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other bird species.
Flamingos: They build mounds of mud and vegetation to incubate their eggs.
Albatrosses: They nest on the ground or on cliffs, forming lifelong partnerships.
Frigatebirds: They build no nests but instead lay their eggs on bare branches or rocky outcrops.