Astronomers come closer to understanding source of cosmic rays

Washington, Feb 17 (ANI): New images from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope are helping astronomers take a step closer to understanding the source of cosmic rays, which are some of the universe's most energetic particles.

Cosmic rays consist mainly of protons that move through space at nearly the speed of light.

In their journey across the galaxy, the particles are deflected by magnetic fields. This scrambles their paths and masks their origins.

"Understanding the sources of cosmic rays is one of Fermi's key goals," said Stefan Funk, an astrophysicist at the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), jointly located at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, California.

When cosmic rays collide with interstellar gas, they produce gamma rays.

"Fermi now allows us to compare emission from remnants of different ages and in different environments," Funk added.

Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT) mapped billion-electron-volt (GeV) gamma-rays from three middle-aged supernova remnants - known as W51C, W44 and IC 443 - that were never before resolved at these energies.

Each remnant is the expanding debris of a massive star that blew up between 4,000 and 30,000 years ago.

In addition, Fermi's LAT also spied GeV gamma rays from Cassiopeia A (Cas A), a supernova remnant only 330 years old.

Ground-based observatories, which detect gamma rays thousands of times more energetic than the LAT was designed to see, have previously detected Cas A.

"Older remnants are extremely bright in GeV gamma rays, but relatively faint at higher energies. Younger remnants show a different behavior," explained Yasunobu Uchiyama, a Panofsky Fellow at SLAC.

"Perhaps the highest-energy cosmic rays have left older remnants, and Fermi sees emission from trapped particles at lower energies," he added.

Young supernova remnants seem to possess both stronger magnetic fields and the highest-energy cosmic rays.

Stronger fields can keep the highest-energy particles in the remnant's shock wave long enough to speed them to the energies observed.

The Fermi observations show GeV gamma rays coming from places where the remnants are known to be interacting with cold, dense gas clouds.

"We think that protons accelerated in the remnant are colliding with gas atoms, causing the gamma-ray emission," Funk said.

An alternative explanation is that fast-moving electrons emit gamma rays as they fly past the nuclei of gas atoms.

"For now, we can't distinguish between these possibilities, but we expect that further observations with Fermi will help us to do so," said Funk. (ANI)